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Syllable segmentation of Cornish text - Part II
I have started a website at neocities.org, which I have called Taklow Kernewek.
I have uploaded the Python script that does the segmentation onto it.
Here is the opening few lines of Gwreans an Bys, the Creation of the World:
Ego sum Alpha et Omega.
Heb dalleth na diwedhva
pur wir my yw,
omma a-ji dhe'n kloudys,
war fas an dowr yn sertan,
tri ferson yn unn dywses
ow kesreynya bys vykken
yn meur enor ha vertu.
My ha'w Mab ha'n Spyrys Sans,
tri yth on yn unn substans,
komprehendys yn unn Dyw.
The output of the script is as follows: (excluding the first line which is Latin)
An ger yw: Heb
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['Heb']
1 : Heb
An ger yw: dalleth
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
['dall', 'eth']
1 : dall
2 : eth
An ger yw: na
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['na']
1 : na
An ger yw: diwedhva
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 3
Hag yns i:
['diw', 'edh', 'va']
1 : diw
2 : edh
3 : va
An ger yw: pur
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['pur']
1 : pur
An ger yw: wir
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['wir']
1 : wir
An ger yw: my
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['my']
1 : my
An ger yw: yw
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['yw']
1 : yw
An ger yw: omma
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
['omm', 'a']
1 : omm
2 : a
An ger yw: a-ji
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
['a', 'ji']
1 : a
2 : ji
An ger yw: dhen
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['dhen']
1 : dhen
An ger yw: kloudys
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
['kloud', 'ys']
1 : kloud
2 : ys
An ger yw: war
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['war']
1 : war
An ger yw: fas
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['fas']
1 : fas
An ger yw: an
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['an']
1 : an
An ger yw: dowr
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['dowr']
1 : dowr
An ger yw: yn
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['yn']
1 : yn
An ger yw: sertan
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
['sert', 'an']
1 : sert
2 : an
An ger yw: tri
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['tri']
1 : tri
An ger yw: ferson
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
['fer', 'son']
1 : fer
2 : son
An ger yw: yn
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['yn']
1 : yn
An ger yw: unn
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['unn']
1 : unn
An ger yw: dywses
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
['dyws', 'es']
1 : dyws
2 : es
An ger yw: ow
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['ow']
1 : ow
An ger yw: kesreynya
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 3
Hag yns i:
['kes', 'reyn', 'ya']
1 : kes
2 : reyn
3 : ya
An ger yw: bys
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['bys']
1 : bys
An ger yw: vykken
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
['vykk', 'en']
1 : vykk
2 : en
An ger yw: yn
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['yn']
1 : yn
An ger yw: meur
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['meur']
1 : meur
An ger yw: enor
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
['en', 'or']
1 : en
2 : or
An ger yw: ha
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['ha']
1 : ha
An ger yw: vertu
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
['vert', 'u']
1 : vert
2 : u
An ger yw: My
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['My']
1 : My
An ger yw: haw
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['haw']
1 : haw
An ger yw: Mab
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['Mab']
1 : Mab
An ger yw: han
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['han']
1 : han
An ger yw: Spyrys
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
['Spyr', 'ys']
1 : Spyr
2 : ys
An ger yw: Sans
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['Sans']
1 : Sans
An ger yw: tri
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['tri']
1 : tri
An ger yw: yth
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['yth']
1 : yth
An ger yw: on
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['on']
1 : on
An ger yw: yn
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['yn']
1 : yn
An ger yw: unn
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['unn']
1 : unn
An ger yw: substans
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
['sub', 'stans']
1 : sub
2 : stans
An ger yw: komprehendys
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 4
Hag yns i:
['kom', 'pre', 'hend', 'ys']
1 : kom
2 : pre
3 : hend
4 : ys
An ger yw: yn
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['yn']
1 : yn
An ger yw: unn
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['unn']
1 : unn
An ger yw: Dyw
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['Dyw']
1 : Dyw
I think it's doing reasonably well, although I am not sure that ['dyws', 'es'] is the best segmentation of dywses. I am not yet sure how to get it to give ['dyw','ses'] without affecting other things.
Similarly ['kom', 'pre', 'hend', 'ys'] could perhaps better be ['kom', 'pre', 'hen', 'dys'], ['vert', 'u'] could be ['ver', 'tu'] , ['Spyr', 'ys'] could be ['Spy', 'rys']etc.
Perhaps the way to go is to adapt the expressions to ensure the final syllable starts with a consonant if it can do? What the script does at the moment is go through picking off the first syllable from the word with the reg exp. then do so from the remainder or the word until all of it is used. So perhaps have a step at the end after the segmentation where if the last syllable is V or VC and the penultimate is CVC or VC then if possible take a consonant and put it onto the beginning of the last one.
This might not always be appropriate such as for 'loghow' where the 'gh' is a digraph for a single sound (the ch in Scots 'Loch' and the plural of the same word here). [log,how] would be incorrect.
I have uploaded the Python script that does the segmentation onto it.
Here is the opening few lines of Gwreans an Bys, the Creation of the World:
Ego sum Alpha et Omega.
Heb dalleth na diwedhva
pur wir my yw,
omma a-ji dhe'n kloudys,
war fas an dowr yn sertan,
tri ferson yn unn dywses
ow kesreynya bys vykken
yn meur enor ha vertu.
My ha'w Mab ha'n Spyrys Sans,
tri yth on yn unn substans,
komprehendys yn unn Dyw.
The output of the script is as follows: (excluding the first line which is Latin)
An ger yw: Heb
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['Heb']
1 : Heb
An ger yw: dalleth
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
['dall', 'eth']
1 : dall
2 : eth
An ger yw: na
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['na']
1 : na
An ger yw: diwedhva
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 3
Hag yns i:
['diw', 'edh', 'va']
1 : diw
2 : edh
3 : va
An ger yw: pur
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['pur']
1 : pur
An ger yw: wir
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['wir']
1 : wir
An ger yw: my
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['my']
1 : my
An ger yw: yw
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['yw']
1 : yw
An ger yw: omma
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
['omm', 'a']
1 : omm
2 : a
An ger yw: a-ji
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
['a', 'ji']
1 : a
2 : ji
An ger yw: dhen
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['dhen']
1 : dhen
An ger yw: kloudys
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
['kloud', 'ys']
1 : kloud
2 : ys
An ger yw: war
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['war']
1 : war
An ger yw: fas
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['fas']
1 : fas
An ger yw: an
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['an']
1 : an
An ger yw: dowr
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['dowr']
1 : dowr
An ger yw: yn
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['yn']
1 : yn
An ger yw: sertan
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
['sert', 'an']
1 : sert
2 : an
An ger yw: tri
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['tri']
1 : tri
An ger yw: ferson
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
['fer', 'son']
1 : fer
2 : son
An ger yw: yn
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['yn']
1 : yn
An ger yw: unn
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['unn']
1 : unn
An ger yw: dywses
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
['dyws', 'es']
1 : dyws
2 : es
An ger yw: ow
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['ow']
1 : ow
An ger yw: kesreynya
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 3
Hag yns i:
['kes', 'reyn', 'ya']
1 : kes
2 : reyn
3 : ya
An ger yw: bys
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['bys']
1 : bys
An ger yw: vykken
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
['vykk', 'en']
1 : vykk
2 : en
An ger yw: yn
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['yn']
1 : yn
An ger yw: meur
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['meur']
1 : meur
An ger yw: enor
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
['en', 'or']
1 : en
2 : or
An ger yw: ha
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['ha']
1 : ha
An ger yw: vertu
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
['vert', 'u']
1 : vert
2 : u
An ger yw: My
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['My']
1 : My
An ger yw: haw
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['haw']
1 : haw
An ger yw: Mab
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['Mab']
1 : Mab
An ger yw: han
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['han']
1 : han
An ger yw: Spyrys
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
['Spyr', 'ys']
1 : Spyr
2 : ys
An ger yw: Sans
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['Sans']
1 : Sans
An ger yw: tri
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['tri']
1 : tri
An ger yw: yth
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['yth']
1 : yth
An ger yw: on
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['on']
1 : on
An ger yw: yn
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['yn']
1 : yn
An ger yw: unn
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['unn']
1 : unn
An ger yw: substans
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
['sub', 'stans']
1 : sub
2 : stans
An ger yw: komprehendys
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 4
Hag yns i:
['kom', 'pre', 'hend', 'ys']
1 : kom
2 : pre
3 : hend
4 : ys
An ger yw: yn
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['yn']
1 : yn
An ger yw: unn
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['unn']
1 : unn
An ger yw: Dyw
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
['Dyw']
1 : Dyw
I think it's doing reasonably well, although I am not sure that ['dyws', 'es'] is the best segmentation of dywses. I am not yet sure how to get it to give ['dyw','ses'] without affecting other things.
Similarly ['kom', 'pre', 'hend', 'ys'] could perhaps better be ['kom', 'pre', 'hen', 'dys'], ['vert', 'u'] could be ['ver', 'tu'] , ['Spyr', 'ys'] could be ['Spy', 'rys']etc.
Perhaps the way to go is to adapt the expressions to ensure the final syllable starts with a consonant if it can do? What the script does at the moment is go through picking off the first syllable from the word with the reg exp. then do so from the remainder or the word until all of it is used. So perhaps have a step at the end after the segmentation where if the last syllable is V or VC and the penultimate is CVC or VC then if possible take a consonant and put it onto the beginning of the last one.
This might not always be appropriate such as for 'loghow' where the 'gh' is a digraph for a single sound (the ch in Scots 'Loch' and the plural of the same word here). [log,how] would be incorrect.
Syllable segmentation of Cornish text
I will put a write up of the my solar eclipse pictures on this blog, dreckly. In the meantime find the pictures on my Google+ album.
For a while now I have been working on, from time to time a Python program to segment Cornish words into syllables using regular expressions. So far I've worked in Kernewek Kemmyn, but one of the uses I have in mind for this is to transliterate text from one orthography to another.
Here are a few test inputs. This is fairly early results and it will need some more testing. I will put the code online once I have the chance to debug it a little more.:
kath (cat)
An ger yw: kath
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
1 : kath
kathik (kitten)
An ger yw: kathik
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
1 : kath
2 : ik
kathigow (kittens)
An ger yw: kathigow
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 3
Hag yns i:
1 : kath
2 : ig
3 : ow
del (leaves)
An ger yw: del
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
1 : del
delenn (leaf)
An ger yw: delenn
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
1 : del
2 : enn
delennow (a countable collection of individual leaves)
An ger yw: delennow
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 3
Hag yns i:
1 : del
2 : enn
3 : ow
roes (net)
An ger yw: roes
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
1 : roes
roesweyth (network)
An ger yw: roesweyth
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
1 : roes
2 : weyth
kesroesweyth (Internet)
An ger yw: kesroesweyth
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 3
Hag yns i:
1 : kes
2 : roes
3 : weyth
jynn (engine/machine)
An ger yw: jynn
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
1 : jynn
jynn-ebrenn (aeroplane)
An ger yw: jynnebrenn
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 3
Hag yns i:
1 : jynn
2 : eb
3 : renn
jynnow-ebrenn (aeroplanes)
An ger yw: jynnowebrenn
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 4
Hag yns i:
1 : jynn
2 : ow
3 : eb
4 : renn
For a while now I have been working on, from time to time a Python program to segment Cornish words into syllables using regular expressions. So far I've worked in Kernewek Kemmyn, but one of the uses I have in mind for this is to transliterate text from one orthography to another.
Here are a few test inputs. This is fairly early results and it will need some more testing. I will put the code online once I have the chance to debug it a little more.:
kath (cat)
An ger yw: kath
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
1 : kath
kathik (kitten)
An ger yw: kathik
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
1 : kath
2 : ik
kathigow (kittens)
An ger yw: kathigow
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 3
Hag yns i:
1 : kath
2 : ig
3 : ow
del (leaves)
An ger yw: del
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
1 : del
delenn (leaf)
An ger yw: delenn
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
1 : del
2 : enn
delennow (a countable collection of individual leaves)
An ger yw: delennow
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 3
Hag yns i:
1 : del
2 : enn
3 : ow
roes (net)
An ger yw: roes
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
1 : roes
roesweyth (network)
An ger yw: roesweyth
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 2
Hag yns i:
1 : roes
2 : weyth
kesroesweyth (Internet)
An ger yw: kesroesweyth
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 3
Hag yns i:
1 : kes
2 : roes
3 : weyth
jynn (engine/machine)
An ger yw: jynn
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 1
Hag yns i:
1 : jynn
jynn-ebrenn (aeroplane)
An ger yw: jynnebrenn
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 3
Hag yns i:
1 : jynn
2 : eb
3 : renn
jynnow-ebrenn (aeroplanes)
An ger yw: jynnowebrenn
Niver a sylabelennow yw: 4
Hag yns i:
1 : jynn
2 : ow
3 : eb
4 : renn
Testing my setup for tomorrow's solar eclipse
It has been a nice sunny day today so I thought I would get my setup sorted for the solar eclipse which will be visible as a partial eclipse from where I am.
I plan to project an image of the Sun on white paper using one half of a pair of binoculars. I found my adapter to attach to a tripod today which is fortunate because it was surprisingly difficult to hold the binoculars steady enough.
The Royal Astronomical Society has put together a guide describing the eclipse and several ways to view it safely. The website created for the August 2017 eclipse in the USA also has a section about the 20th March 2015 eclipse.
Hopefully clear skies will allow a good view tomorrow.
I plan to project an image of the Sun on white paper using one half of a pair of binoculars. I found my adapter to attach to a tripod today which is fortunate because it was surprisingly difficult to hold the binoculars steady enough.
The Royal Astronomical Society has put together a guide describing the eclipse and several ways to view it safely. The website created for the August 2017 eclipse in the USA also has a section about the 20th March 2015 eclipse.
Hopefully clear skies will allow a good view tomorrow.
Looking for the Aurora Borealis from Cornwall
Last night (17th-18th) the Aurora Borealis was seen from the UK. After having a red alert from the Aurora Watch UK service at Lancaster University I had a look for it just after midnight.
I couldn't really see anything from just outside Truro, although the sky seemed a bit brighter I wasn't sure whether that was just a bit of mist illuminated by artificial lights. I think the peak of the storm was slightly earlier, when it was partly cloudy where I was.
Have a look at the link below to see pictures from other people who did see it.
Aurora Watch UK Flickr Group
My own pictures are as follows:
I couldn't really see anything from just outside Truro, although the sky seemed a bit brighter I wasn't sure whether that was just a bit of mist illuminated by artificial lights. I think the peak of the storm was slightly earlier, when it was partly cloudy where I was.
Have a look at the link below to see pictures from other people who did see it.
Aurora Watch UK Flickr Group
My own pictures are as follows:
Looking North, with Lyra and part of Cygnus. 15s, f/2 35mm lens. Nikon D90 |
Looking NW, with the constellation Cassiopaea 15s, f/3.5 18-70mm lens at 18mm. Nikon D90 |
Looking N, 15s, f/3.5 18-70mm lens. Nikon D90 |
The Doggerland Reclaimation Project
As an entry to John Michael Greer's Great Squirrel Case Challenge (the name based on a proposal by high-school debaters in Seattle to generate the USA's electricity by vast numbers of squirrels turning wheels), here is my proposal for the world's most absurd energy solution:
The Doggerland Reclaimation project would use a series of dikes to allow the drainage of part of the North Sea using power generated by offshore wind farms along a dike from Aberdeen, Scotland to Bergen, Norway.
A second dike from Dover to Calais would allow water in to generate hydroelectric power. This would also carry a new motorway link to complement the Channel Tunnel and be linked to a new container port to replace Rotterdam and Hamburg.
The lowered sea would make the shallower southern part of the North Sea dry land which would be planted with fast-growing conifers for wood-chip biofuel power plants.
The Doggerland Reclaimation project would use a series of dikes to allow the drainage of part of the North Sea using power generated by offshore wind farms along a dike from Aberdeen, Scotland to Bergen, Norway.
A second dike from Dover to Calais would allow water in to generate hydroelectric power. This would also carry a new motorway link to complement the Channel Tunnel and be linked to a new container port to replace Rotterdam and Hamburg.
The lowered sea would make the shallower southern part of the North Sea dry land which would be planted with fast-growing conifers for wood-chip biofuel power plants.
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